In this study, regardless of treatment solution chemistry, the seedlings that were planted in reclamation material showed also greater survival and shoot growth compared with the plants grown in either the alum or gypsum CT substrate. Although many of the seedlings planted in CT substrates survived, their growth was almost completely inhibited.

The different CT solutions applied to the substrates and the different (gypsum vs. alum) CT formulations had no significant effect on most studied parameters, which further implies that substrate structure was a major factor in reducing plant growth and survival.

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